Thomas shaw



T. SHAW. METHOD AND MEANS FOR CORRECHNG IRREGULARITIES IN LOADED LINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-l6. 1917. 3,322,634.

JMEW A TTORNEY Patented Nov. 25, 1919.

THOMAS SHAW, OF HACKENSAGK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO CAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF IjNEW YORK.

METHOD MEANS FOR- GORRECTING- IBREGULABITIES IN LOAD ED Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ev. 25, 1919.

Application filed August 16, 1917. Serial No. 186,613. i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it lmown that I, Tnoms SHAW, residing at Hackensack, in the county of Bergen and State of New Jersey, have invented certainlniprovements in Methods and Means for Correcting Irregularities 1n Loaded Lines, of which the following is a spec1fication.

This invention relates to loaded phantom transmission systems for the transmisslori of telephonic currents and more particularly it relates to means for equalizing the load ing sections in phantomed four-wire lines and for correcting transmission irregularities therein due to differences in loading sections. Its object is to provide means whereby loading sections, whose characteristics are different, shall be rendered electrically similar, in other words to provide means for rendering the loading uniform.

It is well known to those acquainted with the art that irregularities in loaded lines are highly objectionable and very considerably reduce the advantages accruing from the employment of loadingcoils. Irregularities not only increase the attenuation and give rise to reflectional losses but also render it very difficult to balance the line impedance withartificial lines in two-way repeater circuits, thereby limiting the amount of amplification possible without repeater singing.

Loading irregularities may be of two kinds: first, irregularities of the loading coils and second, irregularities of the line. It is the latter type of irregularity whose correction is the object of the present invention. Line irregularities may be due to differences in the actual length of loading sections; that is the distance between consecutive loading coils, "or may be due to different distributed line constants in the conductors of the different sections.

Practical conditions often make it very diflicult to construct a loaded line system having the required uniformity of loading necessary for the best repeater operation and the correction of irregularities by actual physical reconstruction may be very expensive. It is therefore desirable to provide means for rendering the loading section'selectrically uniform and equal without havmg recourse to physical reconstruction of the line or relocation of the loading coils.

the inductance of a loading coil so that line irregularities appear in practice as difierences in the line capacity "per loading section. If therefore, the capacities of the different' loading sections are made equal, the line will behave electrically like a uniformly loaded line although the various. sections may difier widely in physical length and characteristics. In my present invention .I provide for electrical uniformityv of loading by inserting condensers in the irregular sections so proportioned with reference to the capacity of the normal section and the irregular section, that the resultant capacity of the irregular section is equal to that of the normal section.

In phantomed systems it is necessary that the means correcting load ing section irregularities in the side circults shall be neutral with respect to and introduce no irregularity in the phantom circuit conversely the means correcting loading section irregularities in the phantom circuit shall introduce no irregularity in the side circuits.

constituting one side circuit and conductors 3 and- 4 constituting the other side circuit; whlle conductors 1 and 2 in multiple and conductors 3 and 4; in multiple form the two sldes of the phantom circuit. Loading coils 7 provlde inductive loading for side circuit l2; coils 8 provide loading for side circuit 3-4, and coils 9 for'the phantom circuit. The arrangement of loading coils shown is well known to the art, and my invention is not limited 1n its application to any particular arrangement of phantom loading.

The loading section shown is assumed, for purposes of illustration, to be short as regards both side and phantom circuits.

-The' capacity of each side circuit in this 3% circuit it is evident that section'maybe represented by C, and the capacity. of the phantom circuit by C',; while G and'C denote the capacities of normal side and phantom sections respectively. In order to correct for this conditiOn'I may, as shown in Fig. 1, connect two similar and equal capacities 10 in series across side'circuit 12, and two like capaci-.

ties 11 in series across side circuit 34. The pairs of capacities will also, in general be Similar and equal electrically to eachother.

The neutral points 13 produced by this arrangement of the capacities 10 and 11 are connected by a conductor 14. A third capacity is bridged across each of the side circuits as indicated at 12. In this form of the invention the four capacities 10, 11, are of such value as to supply the deficiency in the phantom circuit, but do not fully compensate for the deficiency of the side circuits, the additional capacity necessary for this purpose being supplied by capacities 12.

'If 0 denotes the value of capacities 10 and 11 and .b that of capacities 12 it will be seen that the capacity introduced into each side circuit by the arrangement of Fig.

{Va-22b nd the capacitytro'duccdinto the phantom circuit is 2w+2 or a. If now these capacities are to supply the defect C,,C,,, of the hantom circuit as well as the defect C .,or I

and that Y p p whence O C it-0P It will be seen therefore that with the arrangement shown both the side and phantom circuits may be properly built out by correctly proportioning the capacities 10, 11

. and 12 and that the proper value for each may be readily determined by means of equations 2-and 3 from the known capacities of the loading sections.

In the modification shown in F ig. 2 the capacities 12 paralleling the pairs. of condensers '1010 and 1111 are omitted'and a capacit 15 is inserted in the conductor joining t e neutral points between the capacities 10 and the capacities 11, otherwise the elements shown correspond to those bearing similar numerals in Fig. 1. If 6 denotes the value of capacities 10 and 11 in this arrangement and f the value of caof, each sidepacity 15 it will be seen that the capacity here introduced into each side circuit is; and that introduced into the phantom ciref cult 1s m. I A 0' to denote the capacities of normal and deficient loading sections of the side and phantom circuits respectively, as in discuss- Again using 0,, 0' and 0,,

ing Fig. 1 it will be apparent that e I E U C s .-c'.) and that IZIf P p whence I lar sections in the line it may therefore be desirable to select that of largest capacity as the normal section to which the others are to be adjusted, but if desired sections of excessive distributed capacity may be converted into short sections by inserting additional loading coils and these then corrected as above indicated. This latter method would commend itself where the line was regular-except for one or two sections of excessive capacity.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that each of the capacities 10, 11, 12 and 15 may in actual practice be made up of a number of condensers in series. For instance when it is required that the units withstand a- 6000 volt test it is customary to construct the condenser in series units separately built to withstand a 2000 volt test, because of practical considerations of efficiency and economy in construction.

Each of the specific forms of the invention herein disclosed employs a conductor, 14, which, it will be observed, is neutral with respect to each of the side circuits but which constitutes, with the tWo pairs of capacities 10 and 11, a shunt across the phantom circuit. In this respect the invention differs from that disclosed in Fig. 3 of the patent to Mills and Hoyt, 1,219,760, March. 20, 1917, where an arrangement of six condensance or inductance to the 1 wltliout afl'ecting the side circuits and will ers for building out a phantomed circuit is shown. This'characteristic of the invention is of value when it is desired to add resisthantom circuit be found advantageous in the construction of duplex basic net-work units.

It is to be understood. that the modifications here described in. detail are illustrative only as other variations will readily suggest themselves which come within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1 The method of correcting-for irregularities inthe sections of loaded transmiss1on lines having side circuits and phantom circuits which. consists in arranglng part of the necessar impedance so as to form neutral points between the conductors of one of the tWo kinds of'circuits, joining said neutral points to complete a shunt connection across the other'kind of circuit, including said impedance, and correcting the defect remaining in either kind of circuit by connecting additional impedance into it 1ndividually. 2. The method of building out irregular sections in loaded transmission lines having side circuits and phantom circuits, which consists in adding suliicient impedance to correct the irregularity in one of the two kinds of circuits in such form as to provide a neutral point in each side circuit, connecting the ,neutralpoints thus rovided, and correcting the remaining de ciency in the other kind of circuit by impedance added exclusively thereto.

3. The method of correcti for irregularities in the sections of 10 ed transmission lines having side circuits and phantom circuits which consists in arranging a part of the necessary impedance in shunt across both phantom and side circuits with at least two impedance elements in series in whichever circuit the shunt be considered correcting the irregularity then remaining in either phantom or side circuits by 1mpedance connected in a shunt afiectmg only such circuit or circuits.

4. The method of building out irregular sections in loaded transmission lines havmg slde circuits consists in roviding a'shunt for the conductors of t e line, onepart of which shunt is common to both phantom and one side circuit,,a separate part of common to both which shunt is phantom and another side circuit, connecting a portion of the necessary impedance in said common parts of the shunt and completing the correction by im pedanc'e afiecting only the circuit or circuits'in which a deficiency then remains.

5. In a transmission line the combination and phantom circuits which of conductors constituting side with pairs circuit, of loading circuits and a phantom coils in saidconductors circuits and phantom clrcuit into sections,

and means for correcting irregularities in dividing the side said sections, includlng a plurality of impedance devices, one for each pair of conductors, and having its terminals bridged across the said pair and a common connection uniting the midpoints of said devices and with said devices constituting a shunt across the phantom circuit. 6. A building out unit for loaded trans- IIllSSlOIl lines having side circuits and phantom circuits, comprising a group of impedances each connected at one side to one of the conductors of the line, a connection unitmg the other s1des of said impedances and with them constituting a shunt across the phantom circuit, and supplementary impedance connected in shunt across one of the two aforesaid kinds of circuits.

' 7. A building out unit for correcting at once irregularities in both phantom circuit and side circuits of loaded transmission lines, comprising a pair of impedances connected in series across each slde circuit, a common connection uniting the pairs at their middle points, said impedances being of a value to fully correct the section as to one of the two kinds of circuits, and means the other kind of cirlocated exclusively in cuit to correct for the remaining irregularity without afiecting the first named correction. 8. A unit for correcting the impedance of a transmission line having a plurality of pairs ofconductors, said unit comprising impedances connected across each pair and arranged to provide a point neutral thereto, said impedances having values dependent upon the diiference between the correct and the actual values of the impedance of the line, and an electrical connection uniting said neutral points.

9. A unit for correcting the capacity of a transmission line having a plurality of pairs of conductors, said unit comprising capacities connected across each pair and arranged to provide a point neutral thereto, said caacities having values dependent upon the difierence between the correct and the actual values of the capacity of the line, and an electrical connection uniting said neutral 10. A building out unit for phantpmed transmission lines, comprising a pair of capacities connected in series across each side circuit, a conductor 1o1n1ng said airs of capacities at their middle points an additional capacities shunted across the side circuits.

In testimony whereof, I have signed" my name to this specification this thirteenth day of August 1917. I p THOMAS SHAW. 

